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Pancreatic Transplant
Pancreatic Transplant
Description
A pancreas transplant is surgery to implant a healthy pancreas from a donor into a patient with diabetes. Pancreas transplants give the patient a chance to stop taking insulin injections. The surgery for a pancreas transplant takes about 3 hours. However, the operation is usually done at the same time as a kidney transplant in diabetic patients with kidney disease. The combined operation takes about 6 hours.
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Pancreatic TransplantA pancreas transplant is surgery to implant a healthy pancreas from a donor into a patient with diabetes. Pancreas transplants give the patient a chance to stop taking insulin injections. Description The healthy pancreas is taken from a donor who is brain dead, but is still on life support. The donor pancreas must be carefully matched to the patient who is receiving it. A portion of the first part of the small intestine, called the duodenum, is transplanted with the donor pancreas. The healthy pancreas is transported in a cooled solution that preserves the organ for up to 20 hours. The patient's diseased pancreas is not removed during the operation. The donor pancreas is usually placed in the right lower part of the patient's abdomen. Blood vessels from the new pancreas are attached to the patient's blood vessels. The donor duodenum is attached to the patient's intestine or bladder. The surgery for a pancreas transplant takes about 3 hours. However, the operation is usually done at the same time as a kidney transplant in diabetic patients with kidney disease. The combined operation takes about 6 hours. Why the Procedure is Performed The pancreas makes a substance called insulin. Insulin moves glucose, which is sugar, from the blood into the muscles, fat, and liver cells, where it can be used as fuel. In people with type 1 diabetes, the pancreas doens't make enough, or sometimes any, insulin. This causes glucose to build up in the blood, leading to high blood-sugar levels. High blood sugar levels can cause many complications, including: Amputations Blindness Heart disease Kidney damage Nerve damage Stroke A pancreas transplant can cure diabetes and eliminate the need for insulin shots. Because of the risks involved with surgery, however, most people with type 1 diabetes do not have a pancreas transplant soon after they are diagnosed. A pancreas transplant is major surgery, and people with diabetes have a high-than-normal risk of heart disease and other complications. People who have had a pancreas transplant will need to take several medicines for the rest of their lives. These medicines have serious side effects. Because of these risks, pancreas transplant is rarely done alone. It is almost always done when someone with type 1 diabetes also needs a kidney transplant. Pancreas transplant surgery may NOT be done in patients who also have: A history of cancer HIV Infections such as hepatitis, which are considered to be active Lung disease Obesity Other blood vessel diseases of the neck and leg Severe heart disease (such as heart failure, poorly controlled angina, or severe coronary artery disease) Smoking, alcohol or other lifestyle habits that can damage the new organ The doctor may also recommend against a pancreas transplant if the patient is not able to keep up with the many follow-up visits, tests, and medications needed to keep the transplanted organ healthy. Risks The risks for any surgery are: Bleeding Breathing problems Heart attack or stroke Infection or abscess Reactions to medications Scar formation The risks for pancreas transplant include: Blood clots (deep venous thrombosis) Clotting (thrombosis) of the arteries or veins of the new pancreas Development of certain cancers after a few years Inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis) Leakage of fluid from the new pancreas where it attaches to the intestine or bladder Rejection Outlook (Prognosis) If the transplant is successful, you will no longer need to take insulin shots, test your blood-sugar daily, or follow a diabetes diet. There is evidence that the complications of diabetes, such as diabetic retinopathy, may not get worse -- and may even improve -- after a pancreas-kidney transplant. More than 95% of people survive the first year after a pancreas transplant. The risks for organ rejection are about 1% each year. The quality of life after a pancreas transplant has improved. Almost all patients find that managing daily life is a lot easier and more satisfying.